"The Collaboration with the Americans"

The Filipino learned to fight among themselves when they exiled in HongKong. Isabelo Artacho, the Secretary of the Interior of the Supreme Council, wanted the 400,000 paid by Spain to be divided equally among them but General Emilio Aguinaldo refused. Aguinaldo wanted to bought some equipments and he wanted to used those money to buy weapons. On April 23, 1898 Aguinaldo and Howard Bray sailed to Singapore And they were able to talk with each other. Believing that the Americans could help win the Philippine Independence, Aguinaldo voiced his desire to return to the Philippines and lead the armed revolution against the Spain. Pratt immediately sent a cable to Commodore George Dewey, head of the United States Navy Asiatic Squadron, in Hongkong.

The money was separated in two instances:

>50,000 pesos and 67,000 pesos for the purchase of weapons needed in the revolution.

But sadly the first amount was used but the second amount didn't arrived, nor it was returned to the Filipinos.

On May 4,1898, the Filipino members of the Hongkong Junta assembled together to discuss the events taking place in the Philippines. Junta is a Spanish term for GATHERING. Felipe Agoncillo headed the Junta in Hongkong.

The members were:

>President - Felipe Agoncillo
>Members - Doroteo Lopez, Teodoro Sandico, Anastacio Francisco, Mariano Llanera, Miguel Malvar, Andres Garchitorena, Maximo Kabigting, Antonio Montenegro, Faustino Lichauco, and Severino Buenaventura.

They agreed that Aguinaldo must come back to the Philippines to lead an uprising against the Spaniards.

"Trial and Death of Bonifacio"

On April 29, 1897, the War Council was established just to try the Bonifacio brothers in a military court. The military court was composed of:

>President - General Mariano Noriel
>Members - General Tomas Mascardo, Crisostomo Riel, Placido Martinez, Mariano Riego de Dios, Esteban Ynfante, and Sulficio Antonio.

Andres and Procopio was sentence to death because they are found guilty by the court. Aguinaldo commuted that the death of the brothers was sentenced to life imprisonment but the military advisers prevailed upon him just to preserve the movement under one leader with unity of the country.

On May 10, 1897, General Noriel handed a letter to Major Lazaro Macapagal, to bring the Bonifacio brothers to Mt. Buntis near Maragondon, Cavite. They always brought their prisoners at Mt. Buntis. After reading the letter they shotted the Bonifacio brothers and buried them in a shallow grave. They are buried with nothing just a piece of wood that marks the spot.

"The Cry Of Balintawak or Pugad Lawin"

One night, when the Katipunan was discovered, Bonifacio and his men escaped to the north of Manila or what we called Balintawak. Pio Valenzuela, a Filipino physician and patriot, left behind and joined the Katipunan on the next day.

on August 23, 1896 all the men held a meeting at the house of Juan Ramos, the son of Melchora Aquino. The katipuneros decided that they will fight the Spaniards for the Philippines freedom. They tore their cedulas or their residence certificates. A cedula is a community tax certificate.They shouted "MABUHAY ANG PILIPINAS! MABUHAY ANG KATIPUNAN" that symbolizes the beginning of the revolution.

This event marked the beginning of the Philippine Revolution of 1896 against the Spaniards.

"The Teachings Of The Katipunan"

The teachings of Katipunan was also called Kartilla ng Katipunan made by Emilio Jacinto (Utak ng Katipunan).
The Kartilla was composed of 13 rules, composed of:

I. A life not devoted to a worthy cause is like a tree without leaves.

~you need to help others as well you help your self because it will become useless if you don't help others by your self and from your heart.

II. A good deed that was not done sincerely is not considered a virtue.

~even though you help others if you don't do it by the bottom of your heart, it is worthless.

III. Real virtue lies not only in charity and love of neighbor, but also in the purity of one's thoughts, words, and actions.

~A virtue also revolves around the purity of one's words and actions not only in helping others or by loving others.

IV. All men are equal, regardless of race, color, and culture.

~even though the color of your skin is different unlike others, you are a men like them because all men are equal even they are different in appearance.

V. A wise man values abstinence over indulgence.

~a wise man always valuing his self-denial before his humor.

VI. A person with delicadeza knows how to keep his word.

~a person who have a shame knows when to keep his word or his secrets.

VII. Never waste time; opportunities that passed by may come again, but time passed can never be brought back.

~Time is gold so, don't waste time and always do your job on time.

VIII. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor.

~for example someone is bullying your classmate you will say to the oppressor that stopped what he is doing because it is bad to bully others. Never defend the other side or the oppressor because it is bad.

IX. An intelligent person exercises prudence in his words, and knows when to keep a secret.

~an intelligent person knows to keep a secret and how to keep it and never say it.

X. A man serves as a model to his wife and children; thus, the leader who is headed in the wrong direction also leads his followers astray.

~you need to be a good leader because what you are doing is just like what they are doing. Sometimes the followers don't know if the doings of their leader was wrong because the leader must know what is the right from wrong and leaders must do good.

XI. Do not look at a woman as a source of pleasure, but as a partner in one's joys and sorrows; remember your mother who brought you up since you were a baby.

~women is not only for the pleasure of men they are also you're partner when you have a problem. Women has a big part in our community.

XII. What you do not want done unto your own wife, daughter, and sister, do not do unto the wife, daughter and sister of others.

~do not do to others if you don't want to do unto you, sometimes if you do something bad to others they will do it to you as a retribution to you.

XIII. A person's worth does not depend on being a king, priest, or having a high position in society, nor in he shape of one's nose or color of one's skin. It is found in his goodness, honor, and pure intentions; in those who do not abuse nor allow themselves to be abused; and in those who know concern and love for one's country.

~even though you are beautiful, royal blood or a famous artists, if you are hatred, selfish and arrogant you are useless because it depends in how you love your country and others as you love yourself.

"The Results of the Propaganda Movement"

Propaganda Movement is a peaceful campaign during Spanish time. This campaign has a leader called Propagandists.
The results of the Propaganda Movement were:
-GOOD
1.Tobacco Monopoly was abolished.
2.The tribute was replaced and became cedula tax.
3.The 40 days forced labor was reducted and became 15 days a year.

-BAD
1.The members of the Propaganda Movement were arrested.
2.Some Filipinos were accused as a member of the Propaganda Movement.
3.Many Filipinos were imprisoned.
4.This movement failed to convince the Spanish Authority to carry out major reforms in the Philippines.
5.Filipinos didn't got their freedom from the Spaniards.

The Propaganda Movement was a failure of giving freedom in the Philippines.

"Contributions of Spanish Missionaries"

Spanish missionaries has a lots of contributions here in the Philippines. In that case they made the Philippines to become a wealth country and to open the minds of every Filipinos here in the Philippines but that's not the point ^_^, if the Spanish missionaries contributed here in the Philippines? What are those things that they contributed? That's what I'm talking about :D.
Some of the Spanish missionaries don't just went to the Philippines to have some foods in here but some of the missionaries are fat not because of the foods in here but because of the foods in the Spanish. Ok, change topic but before I proceed to my blog entry let's remember all the Spanish missionaries who went here. They are the Franciscans, Dominicans, Jesuits and Recollects.
*Contributions of the Spanish Missionaries*
1. Founders of town
the Spanish missionaries founded many cities and towns here as you go in some places here in the Philippines you will notice that some of the streets are Spanish name. They made every street as Spanish name.
2. Engineers of the Infrastructure Projects
Spanish Missionaries build roads, bridges, forts and irrigation dams. They are very skillful to do those things here .. :]
3. Agriculturists
Spanish Missionaries are resourceful they plant new crops from the other country here in the Philippines just like corn, coffee, cacao, tomatoes, squash, lima beans, achuete, guavas, peanuts, chico, papaya, potatoes, cincamas, cabbage, eggplant, pineapple, sugarcane, and wheat. That is the reason why is the Philippines are so wealth in crops. Thank you for the crops Spanish Missionaries, because of that Filipinos are wealth in agricultural harvests.
4. Industrialists
Spanish Missionaries taught the Filipinos how to catch fish, weaving, mining, farming, and metal-work which increased the productivity of the Philippines.
5. Architects
There are lots of beautiful churches in the Philippines during the Spanish era with Byzantine, Graeco-Roman, Ionan, Doric, Corinthian, Baroque, and Gothic architectural designs. Because of that design some of the houses and churches here in the Philippines had Gothic design.
6. Social Workers
Because of the religious manner of the Filipinos they had a concern to the welfare of the sick, the orphaned and the abandoned children. Those people received good care from the Filipinos during the Spanish era. The first hospital by the Franciscans priests was the Hospitalito de Anne even new orphanage are made.
7. Educators
the first university here in the Philippines was established, it is the University of Santo Tomas. Separation of the schools from boys to girls are also made during that time. Even our native dialects contains a word of Spanish origin like mesa, silla, horas, campana, azucar, ventana, and others. There are policies to be enforced in the country:
a. a school for each town
b. a school for teacher trainees
c. free primary education
d. the teaching of the Spanish language in all schools
8. Scientists
Knowledge in the sciences from Europe during the 19th century was brought to the Philippines by the Spanish missionaries. The fields that are studied are the chemistry, physics, botany, zoology, herbal medicine, cartography, and meteorology, and wrote books on these subjects. The first director of the earthquakes was the Fr. Federico Faura. He also invented the barometer, while the barocyclometer was invented by his successor, Fr. Jose Algue.
9. Obras Pias
Before the first bank established there were already obras pias in the Philippines. Back to my last blog, obras pias was loaning of money and you will have to pay it before the due date if you do not pay that on the exact date your money that you lone will interest 20% to 50%.
10. Writers
Spanish friars were linguists, grammarians, writers, playwrights, historians, poets, chroniclers, novelists, essayists, and biographers. They studied our native dialects like Tagalog, Cebuano, Ilocano and others.
11. Printers
Filipinos learned the art of printing by the Spanish Missionaries. The first printing press in the Philippines was introduced by the Dominican friars in the year of 1593. The first Filipino printer was Tomas Pinpin. He trained under Dominican printers. Fr. Francisco Blancas de San Jose was Dominican printer who trained Tomas Pinpin. Pinpin became the "Prince of Filipino Printers". He also wrote the first Tagalog book, the Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Espanola y Tagala. Published in Manila, 1593.
12. Librarians and Curators
The oldest museum here in the Philippines that still existing, established at the University of Santo Tomas.
13. Musicians
Lots of the missionaries were musically inclined. The most famous musician was Fr. Diego Cerra, he is a recollect priest who built the world famous bamboo organ of Las Pinas in 1824.
14. Artists
Some of our knowledge in the sciences, and letters came from Spain. Our culture was influenced by the religion, and those religion was shown by art forms like painting, sculpture, architecture, music, and in various kinds of plays.

"Spanish Colonial Government"

the king of the Spain is the highest place in the hierarchy of the Spanish colonial government. Next id the governor-general of the Philippines. In to the left portion of the governor-general is the Archbishop of Manila, next to the right is the Royal Audencia or the highest judicial official. next is the general-segundo cabo or the adviser on military affairs next to the board of the authorities or advisory bodies in the city-government (cabildo or ayuntamiento).
in the provincial government, the highest place is the alcalde mayor and the corrigimientos. in left portion of the provincial government is the alcaldes en ordinario. alcalde mayor (pacified areas) and corrigidores(not completely pacified)under them is the gobernadorcillo or capitan (for municipal government) and the lowest place is the cabeza de barrangay or cabeza del barrio (for barrios).